NEA Cash for Grades By Mary Ellen Flannery. Do you really get what you pay for At the shoe store, yes. But when it comes to paying kids for grades, probably not especially if what youre trying to buy is a life long love of learning. Long a tactic of fed up parents, the idea of paying for good grades has migrated from the family room to the school house. In states ranging from Texas to Massachusetts, a growing number of students are pocketing cold cash for good grades or test scores on Advanced Placement and SAT exams, typically through privately funded programs. In Houston, a three month old, privately funded 1. Daz Victoria 4 Rapidshare. Each family stands to earn 1,0. Meanwhile, down the road, more than 1. Dallas students have earned up to 4. Advanced Placement tests in a newly expanded 1. It makes sense to some. Says Stacey Priestley, a northern Indiana teacher My son gets money for grades. We tell him going to school and getting good grades is his job. If he does his job well, he gets paid just like a job in the real world. But most Americans, and many educators, still feel uncomfortable with the idea. According to the most recent national Phi Delta Kappa poll, one out of four Americans say students should be paid for their grades. Theres something about the practice that just feels wrong. Isnt there greater value in reading a good book than a certificate for cheese pizza  Isnt education cheapened when its sum value is a remote chance at a limo ride Yes, some schools offer limo rides as incentives, as shown below in the video excerpt from the Freakonomics movie. Many teachers also say paying students for grades leads to practical problems in their classrooms, including pressure to inflate grades and conflict with students and parents. In Kentucky, where the Kentucky Educational Excellence Scholarship provides up to 5. As, parents rip teachers when their kid gets a C, says teacher Chris Spoonamore. But the bigger question is Does it even work While proponents hope those millions will help close achievement gaps, especially in poor communities where a dollar really makes a difference, research shows that the money might better be spent on the kinds of things we know can help improve student achievement, like teacher training and smaller class sizes. Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. Easily share your publications and get. Youre currently subscribed to some eWEEK features and just need to create a username and password. Tandem Computers FAQs HP NonStop server Frequently Asked Questions, Tandem Computer FAQs. How-to-Generate-a-Visa-Credit-Card-Number-with-Details.jpg' alt='Java Program To Validate Credit Card Numbers' title='Java Program To Validate Credit Card Numbers' />Search the worlds information, including webpages, images, videos and more. Google has many special features to help you find exactly what youre looking for. Footnote 1 Note The SunJSSE implementation uses the Java Cryptography Extension JCE for all its cryptographic algorithms. Footnote 2 Cipher suites that use AES256. Feature that allows cellular wireless phones to receive incoming calls when roaming. Rewarding Whom Barbara Marinak, an assistant professor of education at Penn State University, says the research on monetary rewards is quite clear They dont work. Any type of extrinsic reward, by and large, undermines motivation, she told National Public Radio last year. Similarly, Alfie Kohn, the author of Punished By Rewards The Trouble with Gold Stars, Incentive Plans, As and Other Bribes, says the bigger the reward, the bigger the damage done. Especially when it comes to creative work, research shows that money doesnt work in fact, it probably deters achievement in the long run. Moreover, any kind of extrinsic reward can be dangerous. In a well known Stanford University experiment, more than three decades old, researchers divided preschoolers into two groups one that would get gold stars for their drawings and one that would not. Both drew enthusiastically, but when asked to draw again without a reward the gold star group cut its drawing time in half. It appeared as if theyd lost enthusiasm for the task when it didnt come with a reward. What we really want is for people to value the activity of learning, University of Rochester professor Edward Deci told TIME magazine. And, other research, with young students and teenagers, show that they all perform better and work harder when the task is interesting, fun to do, and relevant to their lives. There has to be intrinsic motivation, says Kentuckys Spoonamore. More recently, Harvard economist Roland Fryer, Jr., ran a 6. Washington, D. C., New York, Dallas and Chicago. In each city, the incentives looked different with varying results. In New York, where kids were paid for good test scores, and in Chicago, where they were paid for good grades, achievement didnt budge. But in D. C., where kids were rewarded for a variety of tasks, including earning good grades, attending class and completing homework, some kids did marginally better on reading comprehension tests. KB/E-commerce/UltimateCreditCardUtility/UltimateCreditCardUtility.jpg' alt='Java Program To Validate Credit Card Numbers' title='Java Program To Validate Credit Card Numbers' />And in Dallas, where kids got 2 for each book they read more books were read, and reading comprehension scores significantly improved. The difference Simply playing kids for good grades or test scores doesnt actually give them any more skills, Fryer theorized. The system needs to be more complicated and more specific to the needs of children to be effective. Similarly, a growing program of rewarding kids for passing Advanced Placement tests also has a teacher training component. The National Math and Science initiative, which has poured millions of dollars into seven states, rewards both students and teachers up to 1. In Mashpee, Massachusetts, the local union agreed that its members should accept the financial incentive and that money is collected in an account for teacher supplies and additional training. A recent study showed that AP enrollment in those places is up, but its also increasing in many schools and districts without rewards as well. Said one Mashpee student to The Cape Cod Times, I think Id just try my best anywayThe class is kind of a challenge, but its a fun class because our teacher makes it fun. JSSE Reference Guide. This guide covers the following topics Data that travels across a network can easily be accessed by. When the data includes. It is also important to ensure that the data has not been. The Secure Sockets Layer SSL and Transport Layer. Security TLS protocols were designed to help protect the privacy. The Java Secure Socket Extension JSSE enables secure Internet. It provides a framework and an implementation for a. Java version of the SSL and TLS protocols and includes. Using JSSE. developers can provide for the secure passage of data between a. HTTP. Telnet, or FTP over TCPIP. For an introduction to SSL, see. Secure Sockets Layer SSL Protocol. Overview. By abstracting the complex underlying security algorithms and. JSSE minimizes the risk of creating subtle. Furthermore, it simplifies. JSSE provides both an application programming interface API. API. The JSSE API. SSL contexts, and a socket factory framework for. Because the. SSLSocket class is based on a blocking IO model, the. Java Development Kit JDK includes a nonblocking. SSLEngine class to enable implementations to choose. IO methods. The JSSE API is capable of supporting SSL versions 2. TLS version 1. 0. These security protocols encapsulate a normal. JSSE API adds transparent. The JSSE implementation shipped with the JDK supports SSL 3. TLS 1. 0, 1. 1, and 1. DTLS version 1. 0 and 1. It does not implement SSL 2. JSSE is a security component of the Java SE platform, and is. Java Cryptography Architecture. JCA framework. This framework for cryptography related. JSSE uses the. service providers defined by the JCA framework. Other security components in the Java SE platform include the. Java Authentication and. Authorization Service JAAS and the Java Security Tools. JSSE. encompasses many of the same concepts and algorithms as those in. JCA but automatically applies them underneath a simple stream. API. The JSSE API was designed to allow other SSLTLS protocol and. Public Key Infrastructure PKI implementations to be plugged in. Developers can also provide alternative logic to. JSSE includes the following important features Included as a standard component of the JDKExtensible, provider based architecture. Implemented in 1. Java. Provides API support for SSL versions 2. TLS 1. 0 and. later, and an implementation of SSL 3. TLS 1. 0. Includes classes that can be instantiated to create secure. SSLSocket, SSLServer. Socket, and. SSLEngineProvides support for cipher suite negotiation, which is part of. SSL handshaking used to initiate or verify secure. Provides support for client and server authentication, which is. SSL handshaking. Provides support for HTTP encapsulated in the SSL protocol. HTTPSProvides server session management APIs to manage. SSL sessions. Provides support for several cryptographic algorithms commonly. Table 1. Footnote 1. Cryptographic Process. Italian Job Bus Art Installation Service there. Key Lengths BitsRivest Shamir Adleman RSAAuthentication and key exchange. Rivest Cipher 4 RC4Bulk encryption. Data Encryption Standard DESBulk encryption. Triple DES 3. DESBulk encryption. Advanced Encryption Standard AESBulk encryption. Footnote 2. 12. 8Diffie Hellman DHKey agreement. Digital Signature Algorithm DSAAuthentication. Footnote 1. The Sun. JSSE implementation uses. JCA for all its. cryptographic algorithms. Footnote 2. Cipher suites that use AES2. Java Cryptography Extension JCE. Unlimited Strength Jurisdiction Policy Files. See. Java SE Download Page. The JSSE standard API, available in the javax. Secure sockets and server sockets. A nonblocking engine for producing and consuming streams of. SSLTLS data SSLEngine. Factories for creating sockets, server sockets, SSL sockets. SSL server sockets. By using socket factories, you can. A class representing a secure socket context that acts as a. Key and trust manager interfaces including X. A class for secure HTTP URL connections HTTPS. Oracles implementation of Java SE includes a JSSE provider. Sun. JSSE, which comes preinstalled and preregistered. JCA. This provider supplies the following cryptographic. An implementation of the SSL 3. TLS 1. 0 security. An implementation of the most common SSL and TLS cipher suites. An implementation of an X. JCA keystore. An implementation of an X. An implementation of PKCS1. JCA keystore type pkcs. Storing trust anchors in PKCS1. Users should. store trust anchors in the Java keystore JKS format and save. PKCS1. 2 format. More information about this provider is available in the. Sun. JSSE section. Oracle Providers Documentation. The following list contains links to online documentation and. JSSE API Documentation. Java SE Security. The Cryptography. Security page by Dr. Ronald L. Rivest no longer. Applied Cryptography, Second Edition by Bruce. Schneier. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1. Cryptography Theory and Practice by Doug Stinson. CRC Press, Inc., 1. Third edition published in 2. Cryptography Network Security Principles amp. Practice by William Stallings. Prentice Hall, 1. Fifth. edition published in 2. The SSL. Protocol version 3. Internet Draft. The TLS Protocol. Version 1. 0 RFCHTTP Over TLS. RFCSSL and TLS Designing and Building Secure Systems. Eric Rescorla. Addison Wesley Professional, 2. SSL and TLS Essentials Securing the Web by. Stephen Thomas. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2. Java 2 Network Security, Second Edition, by Marco. Pistoia, Duane F Reller, Deepak Gupta, Milind Nagnur, and Ashok K. Ramani. Prentice Hall, 1. U. S. Encryption Policies. The java home variable placeholder is used throughout. Java Runtime. Environment JRE is installed. This directory is determined based. JSSE with or without the JDK installed. The JDK includes the JRE, but it is located on a different level in. To see the default location of java home for. Table 2. Operating System. JDKJRESolarisLinuxjdk. Windows. C jdk. C jre. Note The tilde in the path name represents. Solaris, Linux, or Mac OS X. Several terms relating to cryptography are used within this. This section defines some of these terms. The process of confirming the identity of a party with whom one. A combination of cryptographic parameters that define the. A digitally signed statement vouching for the identity and. Certificates. can either be self signed or issued by a Certificate Authority CA. Well known CAs include Veri. Sign. Entrust, and GTE Cyber. Trust. X5. 09 is a common certificate format. JDKs keytool. cryptographic hash function. An algorithm that is used to produce a relatively small. A cryptographic hash function is similar to a checksum and. Cryptographic Service Provider. Sometimes referred to simply as provider. Java Cryptography Architecture JCA defines it as a. An engine class. defines a cryptographic service in an abstract fashion without a. See encryptiondecryption. A digital equivalent of a handwritten signature. It is used to. ensure that data transmitted over a network was sent by whoever. For example, an RSA based digital signature is calculated. Encryption is the process of using a complex algorithm to. Decryption is the inverse process of producing cleartext. The algorithms used to encrypt and decrypt data typically come. The negotiation phase during which the two socket peers agree to. The handshake protocol is a series. At the end of the. A method by which two parties cooperate to establish a common. Each side generates some data, which is exchanged. These two. pieces of data are then combined to generate a key. Only those. holding the proper private initialization data can obtain the final.